The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the amount of mental effort required to process information. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory posits that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize unnecessary cognitive demands. This is achieved by reducing extraneous load, which arises from poorly structured information, while optimizing intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the subject matter. Recent studies suggest that multimedia presentations can inadvertently increase extraneous load if they include irrelevant visuals or redundant text. However, when carefully curated, such presentations can enhance schema construction, enabling learners to integrate new knowledge with prior understanding. This balance is crucial, as overload can impede working memory and hinder long-term retention. Consequently, educators are encouraged to adopt strategies that streamline content delivery, such as segmenting complex tasks and using signaling cues to highlight key points.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하 이론 하에서 교수 자료를 설계하는 주요 목표는 무엇인가?
A. A) 모든 형태의 인지 부하를 제거하기 위해
B. B) 외부 부하를 줄이고 내재적 부하를 최적화하기 위해
C. C) 학습 과제의 복잡성을 증가시키기 위해
D. D) 내용과 관계없이 멀티미디어 프레젠테이션을 사용하기 위해
✅ 正确答案
B) To reduce extraneous load and optimize intrinsic load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first