The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the amount of mental effort required to process information. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory posits that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize unnecessary cognitive demands. This is achieved by reducing extraneous load, which arises from poorly structured information, while optimizing intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the subject matter. Recent studies suggest that multimedia presentations can inadvertently increase extraneous load if they include irrelevant visuals or redundant text. However, when carefully curated, such presentations can enhance schema construction, enabling learners to integrate new knowledge with prior understanding. This balance is crucial, as overload can impede working memory and hinder long-term retention. Consequently, educators are encouraged to adopt strategies that streamline content delivery, such as segmenting complex tasks and using signaling cues to highlight key points.
❓ According to the passage, what is the primary goal of designing instructional materials under cognitive load theory?
A. A) To eliminate all forms of cognitive load
B. B) To reduce extraneous load and optimize intrinsic load
C. C) To increase the complexity of learning tasks
D. D) To use multimedia presentations regardless of their content
✅ 正确答案
B) To reduce extraneous load and optimize intrinsic load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first