The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a moderate level of germane load, which involves the mental resources dedicated to processing and understanding the material, can actually enhance learning outcomes. This is because it encourages deeper engagement and schema construction, allowing learners to integrate new information with prior knowledge. Therefore, while excessive load is detrimental, a well-designed instructional approach that balances these types of load can significantly improve educational efficiency.
❓ 文章によると、学習成果を向上させることができる主な要因は何ですか？
A. A. あらゆる種類の認知負荷を最小限に抑えること
B. B. 材料の複雑性を高めること
C. C. 適度な関連負荷を持つこと
D. D. 作業記憶の使用を減らすこと
✅ 正确答案
C. Having a moderate level of germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first