The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a moderate level of germane load, which involves the mental resources dedicated to processing and understanding the material, can actually enhance learning outcomes. This is because it encourages deeper engagement and schema construction, allowing learners to integrate new information with prior knowledge. Therefore, while excessive load is detrimental, a well-designed instructional approach that balances these types of load can significantly improve educational efficiency.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 학습 성과를 향상시킬 수 있는 주요 요인은 무엇인가?
A. A. 모든 유형의 인지 부하 최소화
B. B. 재료의 복잡성을 증가시키기
C. C. 적절한 수준의 본질적 부하를 유지하는 것
D. D. 작업 기억의 사용 줄이기
✅ 正确答案
C. Having a moderate level of germane load
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first