The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, moving beyond mere environmental concerns to encompass social equity and economic viability. Recent research suggests that truly sustainable cities must integrate green infrastructure with affordable housing and accessible public services. For instance, a study in Copenhagen demonstrated that bike-friendly policies reduced carbon emissions by 20% while also improving public health. However, critics argue that such measures often fail in rapidly growing metropolises, where land scarcity and population pressure prioritize short-term economic gains. Thus, scholars now emphasize adaptive planning, which allows for flexible responses to changing demographic and climate conditions. This approach, though promising, requires robust governance and community participation to avoid unintended consequences.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова ключевая особенность адаптивного планирования в устойчивом городском развитии?
A. Он в первую очередь сосредоточен на снижении выбросов углерода за счет политики, благоприятствующей велосипедному движению.
B. Он ставит краткосрочный экономический рост выше долгосрочных экологических целей.
C. Это предполагает гибкие стратегии, реагирующие на изменяющиеся условия при эффективном управлении.
D. Она опирается на фиксированные проекты инфраструктуры для обеспечения стабильности во всех городах.
✅ 正确答案
It involves flexible strategies that respond to changing conditions with strong governance.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first