The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, moving beyond mere environmental concerns to encompass social equity and economic viability. Recent research suggests that truly sustainable cities must integrate green infrastructure with affordable housing and accessible public services. For instance, a study in Copenhagen demonstrated that bike-friendly policies reduced carbon emissions by 20% while also improving public health. However, critics argue that such measures often fail in rapidly growing metropolises, where land scarcity and population pressure prioritize short-term economic gains. Thus, scholars now emphasize adaptive planning, which allows for flexible responses to changing demographic and climate conditions. This approach, though promising, requires robust governance and community participation to avoid unintended consequences.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es una característica clave de la planificación adaptativa en el desarrollo urbano sostenible?
A. Se centra principalmente en reducir las emisiones de carbono mediante políticas favorables al uso de la bicicleta.
B. Prioriza el crecimiento económico a corto plazo sobre los objetivos ambientales a largo plazo.
C. Implica estrategias flexibles que responden a condiciones cambiantes con una gobernanza sólida.
D. Depende de diseños de infraestructura fijos para garantizar la estabilidad en todas las ciudades.
✅ 正确答案
It involves flexible strategies that respond to changing conditions with strong governance.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first