The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long influenced geographic thought, positing that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and physical conditions. However, this theory has been heavily criticized for its oversimplification of complex cultural dynamics. Modern scholars argue that while environment can pose constraints, human innovation and technological advancement often mitigate these limitations. For instance, arid regions have developed sophisticated irrigation systems, and cold climates have fostered energy-efficient architecture. Thus, the relationship between environment and society is better understood as a dialectical interaction, where human agency plays a pivotal role in reshaping environmental challenges into opportunities.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, chỉ trích chính đối với thuyết quyết định môi trường là gì?
A. Nó bỏ qua vai trò của khí hậu trong việc định hình các xã hội.
B. Nó quá nhấn mạnh ảnh hưởng của môi trường đối với văn hóa con người.
C. Nó đánh giá thấp tầm quan trọng của đổi mới công nghệ.
D. Nó không xem xét các ví dụ lịch sử về sự thích nghi với môi trường.
✅ 正确答案
It overemphasizes the influence of environment on human culture.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first