The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long influenced geographic thought, positing that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and physical conditions. However, this theory has been heavily criticized for its oversimplification of complex cultural dynamics. Modern scholars argue that while environment can pose constraints, human innovation and technological advancement often mitigate these limitations. For instance, arid regions have developed sophisticated irrigation systems, and cold climates have fostered energy-efficient architecture. Thus, the relationship between environment and society is better understood as a dialectical interaction, where human agency plays a pivotal role in reshaping environmental challenges into opportunities.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la principal crítica al determinismo ambiental?
A. Ignora el papel del clima en la formación de las sociedades.
B. Sobrepone la influencia del entorno en la cultura humana.
C. Subestima la importancia de la innovación tecnológica.
D. No logra considerar ejemplos históricos de adaptación ambiental.
✅ 正确答案
It overemphasizes the influence of environment on human culture.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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