The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long influenced geographic thought, positing that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and physical conditions. However, this theory has been heavily criticized for its oversimplification of complex cultural dynamics. Modern scholars argue that while environment can pose constraints, human innovation and technological advancement often mitigate these limitations. For instance, arid regions have developed sophisticated irrigation systems, and cold climates have fostered energy-efficient architecture. Thus, the relationship between environment and society is better understood as a dialectical interaction, where human agency plays a pivotal role in reshaping environmental challenges into opportunities.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается основная критика экологического детерминизма?
A. Это игнорирует роль климата в формировании обществ.
B. Оно чрезмерно подчёркивает влияние окружающей среды на человеческую культуру.
C. Это недооценивает важность технологических инноваций.
D. Он не учитывает исторические примеры адаптации к окружающей среде.
✅ 正确答案
It overemphasizes the influence of environment on human culture.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
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