The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, moving beyond mere environmental concerns to encompass social equity and economic viability. Recent studies indicate that cities adopting integrated green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and urban forests, not only mitigate flooding and heat islands but also enhance property values and public health. However, challenges persist, particularly in retrofitting existing urban areas where historical layouts and land ownership patterns complicate implementation. Moreover, critics argue that without robust community engagement, these initiatives may inadvertently exacerbate gentrification, displacing lower-income residents. Thus, effective policy must balance ecological goals with inclusive planning processes, ensuring that the benefits of sustainability are equitably distributed across all demographics.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается основная проблема при реализации устойчивого городского развития в существующих городах?
A. A. Высокая стоимость материалов для зелёной инфраструктуры.
B. B. Сложность адаптации старых городских планировок и структур землевладения.
C. C. Отсутствие научных доказательств, подтверждающих экологические преимущества.
D. D. Противодействие со стороны девелоперов недвижимости любым изменениям.
✅ 正确答案
B. The difficulty of adapting old city layouts and land ownership structures.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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