雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, moving beyond mere environmental concerns to encompass social equity and economic viability. Recent studies indicate that cities adopting integrated green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and urban forests, not only mitigate flooding and heat islands but also enhance property values and public health. However, challenges persist, particularly in retrofitting existing urban areas where historical layouts and land ownership patterns complicate implementation. Moreover, critics argue that without robust community engagement, these initiatives may inadvertently exacerbate gentrification, displacing lower-income residents. Thus, effective policy must balance ecological goals with inclusive planning processes, ensuring that the benefits of sustainability are equitably distributed across all demographics.