The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to enhance learning efficiency. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, there are three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. Germane load, however, is dedicated to the processing and construction of schemas. Research suggests that reducing extraneous load, for instance by simplifying diagrams or eliminating redundant text, can free up mental resources for germane processing. Nevertheless, over-simplification might lead to a reduction in intrinsic load, which could hinder deep understanding. Therefore, a balance must be struck between simplifying content and maintaining its inherent complexity to foster meaningful learning.
❓ 本文によると、外的負荷を減らす主な目的は何ですか？
A. A. あらゆる形態の認知的負荷を排除するため
B. B. 関連処理により多くの心的容量を確保するため
C. C. 教材の本質的な難易度を高めること
D. D. 図を基本的なレベルまで簡略化すること
✅ 正确答案
B. To allow more mental capacity for germane processing
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first