雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing, where products are intentionally designed with a limited lifespan to encourage repeat purchases. However, recent shifts in both consumer behavior and regulatory frameworks are challenging this model. The European Union's 'Right to Repair' legislation, for instance, mandates that manufacturers provide spare parts and repair manuals for up to ten years after a product's release. This policy aims to reduce electronic waste and promote sustainability. Critics argue that such regulations could stifle innovation, as companies may be less inclined to invest in groundbreaking technology if they are forced to support older models. Conversely, proponents contend that the legislation fosters a more circular economy, where resources are reused rather than discarded. Empirical studies suggest that while repair costs may initially rise due to increased labor, long-term environmental benefits and consumer savings often outweigh these drawbacks. Ultimately, the shift toward repairability reflects a broader societal move from disposable consumerism to durable, ethical production.