The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to enhance learning efficiency. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, there are three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented. Germane load, however, is dedicated to the processing and construction of schemas. Research suggests that reducing extraneous load, for instance by simplifying diagrams or eliminating redundant text, can free up mental resources for germane processing. Nevertheless, over-simplification might lead to a reduction in intrinsic load, which could hinder deep understanding. Therefore, a balance must be struck between simplifying content and maintaining its inherent complexity to foster meaningful learning.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 외부 부하를 줄이는 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. A. 모든 형태의 인지 부하를 제거하기 위해
B. B. 인지 부하 중 관련 처리(germane processing)에 더 많은 정신적 용량을 할당하기 위해
C. C. 자료의 내재적 난이도를 높이기 위해
D. D. 다이어그램을 기본 수준으로 단순화하기 위해
✅ 正确答案
B. To allow more mental capacity for germane processing
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first