雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its introduction in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it emphasized the balance between economic growth and environmental protection for future generations. However, recent scholarship argues that this framework is insufficient, as it overlooks the social dimensions of sustainability, such as equity and justice. Critics propose a more holistic model that integrates ecological limits, social well-being, and economic viability, recognizing that these elements are interdependent. For instance, policies promoting renewable energy may reduce carbon emissions, but without addressing social access, they can exacerbate inequality. Thus, contemporary research suggests that sustainability must be viewed as a dynamic process, requiring adaptive governance and stakeholder participation, rather than a fixed set of goals.