The concept of 'sustainable development' has evolved significantly since its introduction in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it emphasized the balance between economic growth and environmental protection for future generations. However, recent scholarship argues that this framework is insufficient, as it overlooks the social dimensions of sustainability, such as equity and justice. Critics propose a more holistic model that integrates ecological limits, social well-being, and economic viability, recognizing that these elements are interdependent. For instance, policies promoting renewable energy may reduce carbon emissions, but without addressing social access, they can exacerbate inequality. Thus, contemporary research suggests that sustainability must be viewed as a dynamic process, requiring adaptive governance and stakeholder participation, rather than a fixed set of goals.
❓ According to the passage, what is the main criticism of the original concept of sustainable development?
A. It focused too much on economic growth.
B. It failed to include social aspects like equity and justice.
C. It ignored the importance of renewable energy.
D. It was too dynamic and required constant adaptation.
✅ 正确答案
It failed to include social aspects like equity and justice.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first