The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past few decades, shifting from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that encompasses social equity and economic viability. Early models often prioritized green spaces and pollution reduction, but they frequently overlooked the needs of marginalized communities. Contemporary frameworks, such as the 'compact city' model, advocate for higher density living, mixed-use zoning, and efficient public transport to reduce carbon footprints while fostering inclusive growth. However, critics argue that such models may inadvertently lead to gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Therefore, successful implementation requires participatory planning processes that engage diverse stakeholders, ensuring that sustainability benefits are equitably distributed across all socioeconomic groups.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная критика модели «компактного города»?
A. Он слишком много внимания уделяет экологическим проблемам и игнорирует экономический рост.
B. Это может привести к вытеснению менее обеспеченных жителей из-за роста стоимости.
C. Оно опирается на устаревшие методы планирования, которые больше не являются эффективными.
D. Он не обеспечивает достаточных вариантов общественного транспорта.
✅ 正确答案
It may cause the displacement of poorer residents due to rising costs.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first