雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past few decades, shifting from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that encompasses social equity and economic viability. Early models often prioritized green spaces and pollution reduction, but they frequently overlooked the needs of marginalized communities. Contemporary frameworks, such as the 'compact city' model, advocate for higher density living, mixed-use zoning, and efficient public transport to reduce carbon footprints while fostering inclusive growth. However, critics argue that such models may inadvertently lead to gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Therefore, successful implementation requires participatory planning processes that engage diverse stakeholders, ensuring that sustainability benefits are equitably distributed across all socioeconomic groups.