The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past few decades, shifting from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that encompasses social equity and economic viability. Early models often prioritized green spaces and pollution reduction, but they frequently overlooked the needs of marginalized communities. Contemporary frameworks, such as the 'compact city' model, advocate for higher density living, mixed-use zoning, and efficient public transport to reduce carbon footprints while fostering inclusive growth. However, critics argue that such models may inadvertently lead to gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Therefore, successful implementation requires participatory planning processes that engage diverse stakeholders, ensuring that sustainability benefits are equitably distributed across all socioeconomic groups.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es una crítica importante al modelo de 'ciudad compacta'?
A. Se centra demasiado en los problemas ambientales e ignora el crecimiento económico.
B. Puede causar el desplazamiento de los residentes más pobres debido al aumento de los costos.
C. Se basa en métodos de planificación obsoletos que ya no son efectivos.
D. No ofrece opciones adecuadas de transporte público.
✅ 正确答案
It may cause the displacement of poorer residents due to rising costs.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first