The concept of 'environmental determinism,' which posits that human behavior and societal development are largely dictated by climatic and geographical conditions, dominated geographical thought in the early twentieth century. However, this perspective was later criticized for its oversimplification and potential to justify colonialism and racial hierarchies. Contemporary geography instead embraces 'possibilism,' which argues that while the environment offers a range of possibilities, human agency and cultural choices ultimately shape outcomes. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences toward acknowledging the complex interplay between natural factors and human decision-making, rather than reducing causality to a single variable.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 환경 결정론이 거부된 주요 이유는 무엇인가?
A. 그것은 현대 사회에서 기술의 역할을 무시했다.
B. 이는 너무 단순하다고 여겨졌으며 비윤리적 관행을 지지하는 데 사용될 수 있었다.
C. 그것은 기후가 농업에 미치는 영향을 고려하지 못했다.
D. 이는 물리지리학의 새로운 발견과 모순되었다.
✅ 正确答案
It was seen as too simplistic and could be used to support unethical practices.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first