The concept of 'environmental determinism,' which posits that human behavior and societal development are largely dictated by climatic and geographical conditions, dominated geographical thought in the early twentieth century. However, this perspective was later criticized for its oversimplification and potential to justify colonialism and racial hierarchies. Contemporary geography instead embraces 'possibilism,' which argues that while the environment offers a range of possibilities, human agency and cultural choices ultimately shape outcomes. This shift reflects a broader trend in social sciences toward acknowledging the complex interplay between natural factors and human decision-making, rather than reducing causality to a single variable.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la razón principal por la que se rechazó el determinismo ambiental?
A. Ignoró el papel de la tecnología en las sociedades modernas.
B. Se consideraba demasiado simplista y podría utilizarse para respaldar prácticas poco éticas.
C. No tuvo en cuenta la influencia del clima en la agricultura.
D. Contradecía nuevos hallazgos en geografía física.
✅ 正确答案
It was seen as too simplistic and could be used to support unethical practices.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first