The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, germane load, which involves processes that contribute to learning, such as schema construction, should be encouraged. Recent research suggests that multimedia presentations can reduce extraneous load by integrating visual and auditory information, but only if they avoid redundancy. Conversely, poorly designed materials can inadvertently increase cognitive load, leading to decreased comprehension. Thus, understanding these distinctions is crucial for educators designing effective learning environments.
❓ Согласно тексту, какой фактор является основным, который может препятствовать обучению?
A. A) Использование мультимедийных презентаций в классах
B. B) Совокупный эффект внутренней и внешней нагрузки, превышающий возможности
C. C) Отсутствие построения схемы в учебных материалах
D. D) Чрезмерный акцент на релевантной нагрузке во время обучения
✅ 正确答案
B) The combined effect of intrinsic and extraneous load exceeding capacity
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first