The concept of neuroplasticity, once a controversial hypothesis, has now become a cornerstone of modern neuroscience. It refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This adaptability is not uniform; it varies significantly across different brain regions and developmental stages. For instance, the hippocampus, crucial for memory formation, exhibits a higher degree of plasticity in young adults compared to the elderly, yet even in later life, environmental enrichment and cognitive training can induce measurable synaptic changes. However, the extent of this plasticity is constrained by critical periods, during which the brain is particularly receptive to specific types of learning, such as language acquisition. Beyond these periods, learning becomes more effortful but not impossible, suggesting that plasticity operates on a spectrum rather than as an all-or-nothing phenomenon. This nuanced understanding challenges earlier deterministic views and has profound implications for rehabilitation after brain injury, where targeted therapies aim to harness residual plasticity to restore function.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается ключевое ограничение нейропластичности?
A. Это полностью прекращается после молодого взрослого возраста.
B. Это единообразно для всех областей мозга.
C. Оно ограничено критическими периодами для определенного обучения.
D. Это происходит только в ответ на травму.
✅ 正确答案
It is restricted by critical periods for certain learning.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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