雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational contexts, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, germane load, which involves processes that contribute to learning, such as schema construction, should be encouraged. Recent research suggests that multimedia presentations can reduce extraneous load by integrating visual and auditory information, but only if they avoid redundancy. Conversely, poorly designed materials can inadvertently increase cognitive load, leading to decreased comprehension. Thus, understanding these distinctions is crucial for educators designing effective learning environments.