The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained significant traction in urban planning as a means to address climate change and biodiversity loss. Unlike conventional gray infrastructure, which relies on engineered systems such as concrete pipes and treatment plants, green infrastructure integrates natural processes into urban design. Examples include green roofs, permeable pavements, and urban wetlands, which manage stormwater, reduce heat islands, and provide habitats for wildlife. However, its effectiveness depends on careful spatial planning and maintenance. A recent study in Rotterdam found that while green roofs reduced annual runoff by up to 15%, their performance varied seasonally, with minimal benefit during intense rainfall events. Thus, green infrastructure should complement, not replace, traditional systems, particularly in areas prone to extreme weather.
❓ Nghiên cứu được đề cập trong đoạn văn có kết luận chính là gì?
A. Cơ sở hạ tầng xanh vượt trội hơn cơ sở hạ tầng xám trong mọi điều kiện khí hậu.
B. Mái xanh có hiệu quả nhất trong các trận mưa lớn ở Rotterdam.
C. Hạ tầng xanh không thể thay thế hoàn toàn các hệ thống truyền thống, đặc biệt là trong điều kiện thời tiết khắc nghiệt.
D. Đất ngập nước đô thị mang lại lợi ích lớn nhất cho việc quản lý nước mưa.
✅ 正确答案
Green infrastructure cannot fully replace conventional systems, especially under extreme weather.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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