The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has been heavily criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of physical environment on human societies. However, recent studies on climate change resilience suggest that environmental factors still play a crucial role in shaping vulnerabilities, particularly in developing regions. This nuanced perspective acknowledges that while environment is not destiny, it remains a significant variable in socio-economic outcomes, especially when combined with institutional and historical factors.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 환경 결정론에 대한 현재 학계의 견해는 무엇인가?
A. A. 그것은 어떠한 제한 없이 사회 발전을 완전히 설명한다.
B. B. 기술과 세계화의 시대에는 전혀 관련이 없다.
C. C. 환경이 여전히 중요하지만, 그것만이 전부는 아니므로 재고되어야 한다.
D. D. 이는 제도적 요인에만 초점을 맞추는 것으로 대체되었습니다.
✅ 正确答案
C. It should be reconsidered as environment still matters, but not exclusively.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first