The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has been heavily criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of physical environment on human societies. However, recent studies on climate change resilience suggest that environmental factors still play a crucial role in shaping vulnerabilities, particularly in developing regions. This nuanced perspective acknowledges that while environment is not destiny, it remains a significant variable in socio-economic outcomes, especially when combined with institutional and historical factors.
❓ According to the passage, what is the current scholarly view on environmental determinism?
A. A. It fully explains societal development without any limitations.
B. B. It is entirely irrelevant in the age of technology and globalization.
C. C. It should be reconsidered as environment still matters, but not exclusively.
D. D. It has been replaced by a focus solely on institutional factors.
✅ 正确答案
C. It should be reconsidered as environment still matters, but not exclusively.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first