The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. While this theory gained prominence in the early 20th century, it has been heavily criticized for oversimplifying the complex interplay between nature and culture. Contemporary scholars argue that technological advancements and globalization have diminished the direct influence of physical environment on human societies. However, recent studies on climate change resilience suggest that environmental factors still play a crucial role in shaping vulnerabilities, particularly in developing regions. This nuanced perspective acknowledges that while environment is not destiny, it remains a significant variable in socio-economic outcomes, especially when combined with institutional and historical factors.
❓ 文章によると、環境決定論に関する現在の学術的見解は何か。
A. A. それはいかなる制限もなく社会の発展を完全に説明している。
B. B. テクノロジーとグローバリゼーションの時代において、それはまったく無関係である。
C. C. 環境は依然として重要ではあるが、それだけが要因ではないため、再考されるべきである。
D. D. それは、制度的要因のみに焦点を当てたものに取って代わられた。
✅ 正确答案
C. It should be reconsidered as environment still matters, but not exclusively.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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