雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science as a framework for understanding how ecosystems respond to disturbances. Unlike traditional stability, which emphasizes return to a pre-disturbance state, resilience focuses on the capacity of a system to absorb shocks, reorganize, and maintain its essential functions. A resilient ecosystem may shift to a new state that is functionally similar but structurally distinct. This perspective challenges management strategies that aim solely at preserving historical conditions, suggesting instead that adaptive governance should anticipate change and foster diversity. Critics argue, however, that resilience theory is difficult to operationalize due to vague metrics and the complexity of defining thresholds. Nevertheless, it remains a valuable heuristic for policy-making in an era of rapid global change.