The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been contested in geographical discourse. Early proponents argued that human societal development was largely shaped by climatic conditions and physical geography. However, contemporary scholars reject this simplistic causality, pointing to the remarkable technological and cultural adaptations of societies in similar environments. Instead, they advocate for 'possibilism', which posits that while the environment sets certain constraints, human agency and innovation play a decisive role in shaping outcomes. This shift reflects a broader intellectual movement away from reductionist explanations towards more nuanced, multi-causal frameworks that acknowledge the interplay between natural and social factors.
❓ 本文によると、環境決定論に対する主な批判は何か。
A. A. それは人間の革新性の役割を過度に強調している。
B. B. それは気候が社会に与える影響を無視している。
C. C. それは環境と社会の間に直接的で単純な関連があると想定している。
D. D. 異なる気候における技術的適応を考慮していない。
✅ 正确答案
C. It assumes a direct and simplistic link between environment and society.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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