The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often strive to manage cognitive load to enhance learning outcomes. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's available working memory capacity. Extraneous cognitive load, which arises from poorly designed instruction, can be reduced by simplifying presentations or using worked examples. However, intrinsic load, which depends on the element interactivity of the content, cannot be altered without changing the nature of the task. Therefore, effective teaching strategies must balance these types of load to optimize schema acquisition.
❓ According to the passage, what is the primary difference between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load?
A. Intrinsic load is beneficial for learning, while extraneous load is always harmful.
B. Intrinsic load is determined by the complexity of the material itself, whereas extraneous load is caused by instructional design.
C. Extraneous load can be eliminated entirely, but intrinsic load cannot be reduced.
D. Intrinsic load only occurs in educational settings, while extraneous load occurs in all contexts.
✅ 正确答案
Intrinsic load is determined by the complexity of the material itself, whereas extraneous load is caused by instructional design.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first