The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often strive to manage cognitive load to enhance learning outcomes. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's available working memory capacity. Extraneous cognitive load, which arises from poorly designed instruction, can be reduced by simplifying presentations or using worked examples. However, intrinsic load, which depends on the element interactivity of the content, cannot be altered without changing the nature of the task. Therefore, effective teaching strategies must balance these types of load to optimize schema acquisition.
❓ 根据文章，内在认知负荷与外在认知负荷的主要区别是什么？
A. 内在负荷对学习有益，而外在负荷则始终有害。
B. 内在负荷由材料本身的复杂性决定，而外在负荷则由教学设计引起。
C. 外部负荷可以完全消除，但内在负荷无法减少。
D. 内在负荷仅出现在教育情境中，而外在负荷则存在于所有情境中。
✅ 正确答案
Intrinsic load is determined by the complexity of the material itself, whereas extraneous load is caused by instructional design.