The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human activities and societal development are predominantly shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. This theory, popular in the 19th century, argued that temperate climates fostered industriousness and innovation, while tropical regions were associated with lethargy. However, modern scholars critique this perspective as overly simplistic and potentially biased, noting that it ignores the profound impact of technological advancement and cultural exchange. Contemporary research emphasizes a more nuanced interaction, where humans both adapt to and modify their environments, leading to diverse outcomes irrespective of latitude. For instance, the economic success of Singapore, a tropical nation, contradicts traditional deterministic predictions, highlighting the role of policy and globalization.
❓ この文章で言及されている環境決定論に対する主な批判は何ですか？
A. それは社会発展における技術の役割を過度に強調している。
B. それは、気候が人間の行動に与える影響を考慮に入れていない。
C. それは、人間と環境（技術や文化を含む）との複雑な相互作用を見落としている。
D. これは、熱帯地域が本質的により生産的であると誤って仮定している。
✅ 正确答案
It overlooks the complex interplay between humans and environment, including technology and culture.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
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