The concept of 'environmental justice' emerged in the 1980s, highlighting the disproportionate burden of environmental hazards borne by marginalized communities. Unlike traditional environmentalism, which often focuses on wilderness preservation, environmental justice prioritizes human well-being, particularly for low-income and minority groups. Research has shown that polluting facilities, such as waste incinerators and chemical plants, are frequently sited in areas with lower property values, where residents have less political influence. This pattern is not coincidental but results from historical zoning policies and systemic inequalities. Advocates argue that achieving environmental justice requires not only equitable distribution of environmental benefits and harms but also meaningful participation of affected communities in decision-making processes. Consequently, the movement has broadened the scope of environmental policy, linking it to social equity, public health, and democratic governance.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key distinction between traditional environmentalism and environmental justice?
A. Traditional environmentalism focuses on human health, while environmental justice focuses on wilderness.
B. Environmental justice emphasizes equitable treatment of marginalized groups, while traditional environmentalism often prioritizes nature preservation.
C. Traditional environmentalism is more concerned with zoning policies than environmental justice.
D. Environmental justice rejects the involvement of local communities in policy decisions.
✅ 正确答案
Environmental justice emphasizes equitable treatment of marginalized groups, while traditional environmentalism often prioritizes nature preservation.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first