The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade. Initially focused on reducing carbon emissions through green architecture, the field now encompasses broader socio-economic factors. Researchers argue that truly sustainable cities must integrate affordable housing, public transportation, and green spaces to foster social equity. A recent study by Martinez et al. (2022) found that cities prioritizing mixed-use zoning experienced lower commute times and improved mental health among residents. However, critics point out that such policies often lead to gentrification, displacing low-income communities. Therefore, sustainable urban planning requires a delicate balance between environmental goals and social inclusion, demanding participatory approaches that involve local stakeholders in decision-making processes.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, thách thức lớn trong việc đạt được phát triển đô thị bền vững là gì?
A. Giảm phát thải carbon thông qua kiến trúc xanh chỉ
B. Cân bằng các mục tiêu môi trường với hòa nhập xã hội để tránh tình trạng di dời cưỡng bức
C. Tăng cường quy hoạch sử dụng hỗn hợp mà không xem xét thời gian di chuyển
D. Ưu tiên tăng trưởng kinh tế hơn phúc lợi của người dân
✅ 正确答案
Balancing environmental goals with social inclusion to avoid displacement
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first