The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade. Initially focused on reducing carbon emissions through green architecture, the field now encompasses broader socio-economic factors. Researchers argue that truly sustainable cities must integrate affordable housing, public transportation, and green spaces to foster social equity. A recent study by Martinez et al. (2022) found that cities prioritizing mixed-use zoning experienced lower commute times and improved mental health among residents. However, critics point out that such policies often lead to gentrification, displacing low-income communities. Therefore, sustainable urban planning requires a delicate balance between environmental goals and social inclusion, demanding participatory approaches that involve local stakeholders in decision-making processes.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается основная проблема достижения устойчивого городского развития?
A. Сокращение выбросов углерода с помощью зелёной архитектуры только
B. Балансирование экологических целей с социальной инклюзией для предотвращения перемещения населения.
C. Увеличение зон смешанного использования без учёта времени в пути
D. Приоритет экономического роста над благополучием жителей
✅ 正确答案
Balancing environmental goals with social inclusion to avoid displacement
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first