The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade. Initially focused on reducing carbon emissions through green architecture, the field now encompasses broader socio-economic factors. Researchers argue that truly sustainable cities must integrate affordable housing, public transportation, and green spaces to foster social equity. A recent study by Martinez et al. (2022) found that cities prioritizing mixed-use zoning experienced lower commute times and improved mental health among residents. However, critics point out that such policies often lead to gentrification, displacing low-income communities. Therefore, sustainable urban planning requires a delicate balance between environmental goals and social inclusion, demanding participatory approaches that involve local stakeholders in decision-making processes.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es un desafío importante para lograr el desarrollo urbano sostenible?
A. Reduciendo las emisiones de carbono solo mediante la arquitectura verde
B. Equilibrar los objetivos ambientales con la inclusión social para evitar el desplazamiento.
C. Aumentar la zonificación de uso mixto sin considerar los tiempos de desplazamiento.
D. Priorizar el crecimiento económico sobre el bienestar de los residentes
✅ 正确答案
Balancing environmental goals with social inclusion to avoid displacement
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first