The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change, so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, and feedbacks. Unlike mere resistance, which implies a static state, resilience emphasizes dynamic adaptation. For instance, a coral reef may suffer bleaching due to rising sea temperatures, but if it can recover its species composition and functional roles over time, it demonstrates resilience. However, human-induced stressors, such as overfishing and pollution, can erode this capacity, pushing systems past critical thresholds into alternative, often less desirable states. Understanding these thresholds is vital for effective conservation, as interventions must be timed before irreversible shifts occur.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается ключевое различие между экологической устойчивостью и сопротивляемостью?
A. Устойчивость сосредоточена на статическом состоянии, тогда как сопротивление подчеркивает динамическую адаптацию.
B. Устойчивость предполагает динамическую адаптацию и восстановление, тогда как сопротивляемость подразумевает статическое состояние.
C. Сопротивление — это поглощение возмущения, тогда как устойчивость — это предотвращение возмущения.
D. Сопротивление важнее устойчивости для здоровья экосистемы.
✅ 正确答案
Resilience involves dynamic adaptation and recovery, while resistance implies a static state.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
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