雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike stability, which implies a return to an equilibrium state, resilience emphasizes the dynamic interplay between persistence and adaptability. For instance, a coral reef may experience bleaching due to rising sea temperatures, but if it retains sufficient diversity and connectivity, it can shift to a new state dominated by different coral species, still providing habitat and nutrient cycling. However, exceeding critical thresholds can lead to a regime shift, such as a transition to algal-dominated reefs, which fundamentally alters ecosystem services. Thus, resilience is not merely about resistance to change but about the capacity to navigate change without losing core functions.