The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike stability, which implies a return to an equilibrium state, resilience emphasizes the dynamic interplay between persistence and adaptability. For instance, a coral reef may experience bleaching due to rising sea temperatures, but if it retains sufficient diversity and connectivity, it can shift to a new state dominated by different coral species, still providing habitat and nutrient cycling. However, exceeding critical thresholds can lead to a regime shift, such as a transition to algal-dominated reefs, which fundamentally alters ecosystem services. Thus, resilience is not merely about resistance to change but about the capacity to navigate change without losing core functions.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es la principal diferencia entre la resiliencia ecológica y la estabilidad?
A. A. La resiliencia se centra en volver a un estado original, mientras que la estabilidad permite la transformación.
B. B. La resiliencia enfatiza la adaptación al cambio mientras se mantienen las funciones esenciales, mientras que la estabilidad implica un retorno al equilibrio.
C. C. La estabilidad está más relacionada con la biodiversidad que con la resiliencia.
D. D. La resiliencia se aplica únicamente a los arrecifes de coral, mientras que la estabilidad se aplica a todos los ecosistemas.
✅ 正确答案
B. Resilience emphasizes adapting to change while maintaining core functions, whereas stability implies a return to equilibrium.
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