The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike stability, which implies a return to an equilibrium state, resilience emphasizes the dynamic interplay between persistence and adaptability. For instance, a coral reef may experience bleaching due to rising sea temperatures, but if it retains sufficient diversity and connectivity, it can shift to a new state dominated by different coral species, still providing habitat and nutrient cycling. However, exceeding critical thresholds can lead to a regime shift, such as a transition to algal-dominated reefs, which fundamentally alters ecosystem services. Thus, resilience is not merely about resistance to change but about the capacity to navigate change without losing core functions.
❓ 本文によると、生態学的レジリエンスと安定性の主な違いは何ですか？
A. A. 回復力は元の状態に戻ることに焦点を当てる一方、安定性は変容を可能にする。
B. B. レジリエンスは中核機能を維持しながら変化に適応することを強調するのに対し、安定性は均衡への回帰を示唆する。
C. C. 安定性は、回復力よりも生物多様性に関係している。
D. D. 回復力はサンゴ礁にのみ適用され、一方、安定性はすべての生態系に適用される。
✅ 正确答案
B. Resilience emphasizes adapting to change while maintaining core functions, whereas stability implies a return to equilibrium.
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