The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past few decades, moving from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that balances economic growth, social equity, and ecological resilience. Recent studies highlight that compact city designs, which prioritize high-density living and efficient public transport, can reduce carbon emissions substantially. However, critics argue that such density may lead to overcrowding and increased property prices, potentially exacerbating social inequalities. To address this, planners are now incorporating mixed-use zoning and affordable housing mandates, ensuring that sustainability does not come at the cost of inclusivity. Thus, contemporary sustainable urbanism is not merely about green infrastructure but also about creating equitable spaces that serve diverse populations.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, sự thay đổi chính trong khái niệm phát triển đô thị bền vững là gì?
A. 从环境关注转向环境、经济和社会因素的平衡。
B. Sự chuyển dịch từ lối sống mật độ cao sang mở rộng vùng ngoại ô mật độ thấp.
C. Chuyển từ tập trung vào giao thông công cộng sang ưu tiên phương tiện cá nhân.
D. Sự chuyển dịch từ nhà ở giá rẻ sang phát triển bất động sản cao cấp.
✅ 正确答案
A shift from environmental concerns to a balance of environmental, economic, and social factors.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first