雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past few decades, moving from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that balances economic growth, social equity, and ecological resilience. Recent studies highlight that compact city designs, which prioritize high-density living and efficient public transport, can reduce carbon emissions substantially. However, critics argue that such density may lead to overcrowding and increased property prices, potentially exacerbating social inequalities. To address this, planners are now incorporating mixed-use zoning and affordable housing mandates, ensuring that sustainability does not come at the cost of inclusivity. Thus, contemporary sustainable urbanism is not merely about green infrastructure but also about creating equitable spaces that serve diverse populations.