第102篇 田单将攻狄

出处:战国策·齐策六

语言: 中文 English Español 日本語 한국어 Tiếng Việt ไทย Русский

📜 原文(文言文)

田单将攻狄,往见鲁仲子。仲子曰:“将军攻狄,不能下也。”田单曰:“臣以五里之城,七里之郭,破亡余卒,破万乘之燕,复齐墟。攻狄而不下,何也?”上车弗谢而去,遂攻狄,三月而不克之也。田单乃惧,问鲁仲子曰:“先生谓单不能下狄,请闻其说。”鲁仲子曰:“将军之在即墨,坐而织蒉,立则丈插,为士卒倡曰:‘无可往矣!宗庙亡矣!魂魄丧矣!归何党乎?’当此之时,将军有死之心,而士卒无生之气,闻若言,莫不挥泣奋臂而欲战,此所以破燕也。当今将军东有夜邑之奉,西有淄上之娱,黄金横带,而驰乎淄、渑之间,有生之乐,无死之心,所以不胜者也。”田单曰:“单有心,先生志之矣。”明日乃厉气循城,立于矢石之所,乃援枹鼓之,狄人乃下。

📖 白话文翻译

Tian Dan was about to attack the Di tribe, and went to see Master Luzhong. Master Luzhong said, "General, if you attack Di, you will not take it." Tian Dan said, "I once held an inner city of five li and an outer city of seven li, leading broken remnants of troops, and defeated Yan with its ten thousand chariots, recovering the lost lands of Qi. Now if I cannot take Di, why is that?" He mounted his carriage and left without taking leave, then went to attack Di, but after three months he still had not conquered it. Tian Dan then became afraid, and went to ask Master Luzhong, saying, "Sir, you said I would not take Di—please let me hear your reasoning." Master Luzhong said, "When the general was at Jimo, when seated you wove grass baskets, when standing you held a spade, and urged your soldiers on, saying: 'There is no place left to go! The ancestral temples are destroyed! The souls are scattered! Where is there to return to?' At that time, the general had the resolve to die, and the soldiers had no thought of survival. Hearing your words, there was none who did not wipe away tears and raise their arms, eager to fight—this is why you could defeat Yan. But now, to the east the general has the revenues of Yi, to the west the pleasures of the Zi River, a golden belt at your waist, galloping between the Zi and Mian rivers—you have only the joy of living, and no resolve to die. This is why you cannot prevail." Tian Dan said, "I have such a heart, and you, sir, have already perceived it." The next day, he roused his spirit and inspected the city walls, standing where arrows and stones flew thick, took up the drumstick and beat the drum—and only then was the Di tribe conquered.

💡 商战启示录

Tian Dan's failure and subsequent success in besieging Di reveals the dialectical relationship between "crisis awareness" and "complacency" in business leadership. In the early days at Jimo, Tian Dan found himself in a desperate situation, sharing hardships with his team and igniting a collective determination to fight with their backs against the wall, ultimately triumphing over a stronger foe through sheer will. Yet once glory and rank were secured, he indulged in the comforts of his fiefdom and stipend, sinking into ease and losing all sense of urgency—his army's morale scattered, and even a minor city defied him for three months. This mirrors the modern corporate world: many enterprises rise through grit and unity of purpose in their founding years, but after an IPO or a successful funding round, founders and executives often fall prey to the "affluenza"—becoming conservative in decision-making, bureaucratic in structure, and stagnant in innovation. Nokia's sluggish response to the smartphone revolution, or Kodak's neglect of digital photography, are both cautionary tales of how the comfort zone forged by success can cause one to miss the window of transformation. The key to Lu Zhongzi's awakening of Tian Dan lay in re-establishing a "resolve to face death"—that is, rebuilding a sense of crisis. In modern business, leaders must emulate Ren Zhengfei's insistence on "Huawei's winter" or Jeff Bezos's unwavering "Day 1" philosophy, proactively sustaining the organization's hunger and agility by setting ambitious goals, dismantling departmental silos, and encouraging internal competition to counteract the inertia bred by success. Tian Dan's eventual return to the front lines, braving arrows and stones to beat the war drum, demonstrates that a leader must lead by example, stay grounded at the forefront, and transmit the signal of "battle" to reunite the team and overcome the challenge. The core strategic lesson of this tale is thus: regardless of an enterprise's stage, leaders must remain vigilant against the erosion of strategic sharpness by complacency, deliberately cultivate a "moderate sense of crisis," and personally charge ahead—only then can sustained competitiveness be preserved.