Wholesale Price

Wholesale Price refers to the price offered by the seller when selling goods in bulk to the buyer, typically lower than the retail price and higher than the ex-works price or cost price. In foreign trade, wholesale prices are commonly used in B2B transactions, such as when an importer purchases full container loads or entire batches from an exporter. Usage scenarios include: quotations, proforma invoices, procurement contracts, wholesale channels on e-commerce platforms, etc. Notes: 1) Wholesale prices are usually tied to the Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ); below the MOQ, they may not apply; 2) Price terms (e.g., FOB, CIF) must be clearly specified, as the wholesale price may only refer to the goods value and exclude freight and insurance; 3) Difference from Ex-works price: Ex-works only includes the cost of goods, while wholesale price may include domestic freight and profit; 4) Difference from Retail Price: Retail price is aimed at end consumers, usually higher and includes VAT. Foreign trade practitioners should clearly define the applicable conditions and additional costs of wholesale prices to avoid disputes.