Ocean transportation is the most important mode of transport in international trade, referring to the method of transporting goods by ship via ocean routes. It is widely used, especially suitable for bulk commodities, low-value, and non-time-sensitive goods such as ore, grain, and machinery. Ocean transportation is divided into two forms: full container load (FCL) and less than container load (LCL), and involves processes such as booking, customs declaration, loading, and bill of lading. Precautions include: clarifying the division of responsibilities under trade terms (such as FOB, CIF), paying attention to risks such as shipping schedule delays, port congestion, and surcharges (such as THC, BAF), as well as cargo insurance. Differences from other terms: air freight is fast but costly, suitable for high-value, urgent goods; land transport is suitable for short-distance neighboring countries; ocean transportation has the lowest cost and largest volume, but is slow. Foreign trade practitioners need to choose comprehensively based on cargo characteristics, delivery time, and budget.
📝 Examples
1. This batch of machinery and equipment is transported by sea from Shanghai Port to Hamburg Port, with an estimated voyage of 35 days, and the freight is calculated by volume ton. (Indicating that ocean transportation is used for bulk cargo, with low cost but long cycle)
2. Under CIF terms, the seller is responsible for arranging ocean transportation and paying freight and insurance, while the buyer bears the risk after the goods are loaded on board. (Indicating the division of responsibilities in ocean transportation under trade terms)
💡 Foreign Trade Tips
Foreign trade terms are the foundation of international business communication
Trade practices may vary slightly by country; pay attention when using them
When using terms in contracts, specify the applicable version (e.g., Incoterms 2020)
For unfamiliar terms, use GlobalSync's multilingual email helper to confirm with your partner