❓ Question According to the passage, what is the main difference between 'engineering resilience' and 'ecosystem resilience'?
A. Engineering resilience focuses on multiple equilibria, while ecosystem resilience assumes a single stable state.
B. Engineering resilience emphasizes recovery speed to one stable state, while ecosystem resilience considers the capacity to absorb disturbances before shifting to another state.
C. Engineering resilience is used in policy-making, while ecosystem resilience is only theoretical.
D. Engineering resilience measures changes over time, while ecosystem resilience measures only the magnitude of disturbance.
✅ Correct Answer
Engineering resilience emphasizes recovery speed to one stable state, while ecosystem resilience considers the capacity to absorb disturbances before shifting to another state.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation