The concept of 'environmental determinism' has long been debated in geography. This theory posits that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by climatic and geographical conditions. Early proponents, such as Ellsworth Huntington, argued that temperate climates fostered industriousness and innovation, while tropical regions were associated with indolence. However, this view was heavily criticized for its ethnocentric bias and oversimplification. Modern scholars advocate for 'possibilism', which acknowledges that environment sets constraints, but human agency and culture play decisive roles in shaping outcomes. For instance, the Netherlands, despite its cold and damp climate, has thrived through technological adaptation, whereas some resource-rich nations have struggled due to political instability. Thus, while geography influences civilization, it does not determine its destiny.
❓ 这段文字的主要论点是什么？
A. A. 环境决定论准确解释了社会发展的规律。
B. B. 地理条件是人类进步的唯一因素。
C. C. 人类的选择与文化比环境限制更为重要。
D. D. 气候对人类社会发展没有影响。
✅ 正确答案
C. Human choices and culture are more important than environmental constraints.