The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material, combined with the way it is presented, exceeds the learner's available working memory capacity. This can lead to cognitive overload, reducing the ability to process and retain new information. However, by simplifying the presentation of information and breaking down complex tasks into smaller steps, educators can reduce extraneous cognitive load, allowing learners to focus on essential elements. Research suggests that incorporating worked examples and eliminating redundant information are effective strategies for managing cognitive load, particularly for novice learners who lack prior schemas to organize new knowledge.
❓ Согласно тексту, какова основная причина возникновения когнитивной перегрузки в учебных ситуациях?
A. A. Рабочая память учащегося слишком мала, чтобы хранить какую-либо новую информацию.
B. B. Сочетание внутренней сложности и способа подачи материала превышает объём рабочей памяти.
C. C. Педагоги намеренно предлагают сложные задания без какого-либо упрощения.
D. D. У начинающих учащихся слишком много предшествующих схем, которые мешают усвоению новых знаний.
✅ 正确答案
B. The combined intrinsic complexity and presentation of material exceed working memory capacity.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first