The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, it is often divided into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is associated with the inherent difficulty of the material itself, which cannot be altered by instruction. Extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented to learners, such as poorly designed diagrams or unnecessary text, and can be minimized through better instructional design. Germane load, on the other hand, is the mental effort devoted to processing and understanding the material, contributing to learning. Research suggests that reducing extraneous load allows more cognitive resources to be allocated to germane load, thereby enhancing knowledge acquisition. However, overly simplifying material may reduce necessary intrinsic load, hindering deep learning.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, lợi ích chính của việc giảm thiểu tải trọng không cần thiết là gì?
A. A. Nó làm cho tài liệu dễ ghi nhớ hơn mà không cần hiểu.
B. B. Nó cho phép sử dụng nhiều nỗ lực tinh thần hơn cho việc học tập có ý nghĩa.
C. C. Nó hoàn toàn loại bỏ độ khó vốn có của nội dung.
D. D. Nó làm tăng tổng tải nhận thức lên bộ nhớ làm việc.
✅ 正确答案
B. It allows more mental effort to be used for meaningful learning.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first